What Is Bell’s Palsy?

Bell’s palsy is a sudden weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face. Usually, this condition happens when the facial nerve becomes inflamed. As a result, one side of the face may droop or feel stiff. Bell’s palsy can affect anyone, but it is most common in people between 15 and 60 years old. Although it can be scary, most people recover fully with time and care.

Common Symptoms of Bell’s Palsy

Often, Bell’s palsy symptoms appear quickly, sometimes overnight. Early signs can be mild, but they may get worse within a few days. For example, you may notice:

Sudden weakness or drooping on one side of the face

Difficulty closing one eye

Loss of facial expression on one side

Drooling or trouble eating and drinking

Loss of taste on the front part of the tongue

Increased sensitivity to sound in one ear

Pain or discomfort around the jaw or behind the ear

Sometimes, people also feel numbness or tingling. However, Bell’s palsy does not usually affect other parts of the body.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of Bell’s palsy. However, experts believe that viral infections, such as the herpes simplex virus, may play a role. When the facial nerve swells, it cannot work properly. This leads to facial nerve paralysis. In addition, some factors may increase your risk:

Having a recent viral infection, like a cold or flu

Being pregnant, especially in the third trimester

Having diabetes

Family history of Bell’s palsy

Even though anyone can get Bell’s palsy, these risk factors make it more likely.

How Is Bell’s Palsy Diagnosed?

Doctors diagnose Bell’s palsy by looking at your symptoms and doing a physical exam. Usually, they will ask about when your symptoms started and how they have changed. Sometimes, doctors may order tests to rule out other causes of facial paralysis, such as stroke or infections. These tests can include:

Blood tests

Imaging scans, like MRI or CT

Electromyography (EMG) to check nerve activity

However, most cases do not need many tests. Early diagnosis helps start treatment quickly.

Treatment Options for Bell’s Palsy

Treatment for Bell’s palsy aims to reduce swelling and help the facial nerve heal. Most people recover without treatment, but some medicines can speed up recovery. Common Bell’s palsy treatment options include:

Steroid medicines: These reduce swelling and work best if started within three days.

Antiviral drugs: Sometimes used if a virus is suspected, but their benefit is not clear.

Eye care: If you cannot close your eye, use eye drops and wear an eye patch to protect it.

Physical therapy: Gentle facial exercises can help keep muscles strong.

In rare cases, surgery may be needed, but this is uncommon.

Recovery and Prognosis

Most people with Bell’s palsy start to get better within two weeks. Full recovery often takes three to six months. However, some people may have mild weakness or other symptoms that last longer. Early treatment can improve Bell’s palsy recovery time. Children and younger adults usually recover faster. If symptoms do not improve after a few months, talk to your doctor about other options.

Prevention Tips and Lifestyle Guidance

While you cannot always prevent Bell’s palsy, you can take steps to protect your health. For example:

Wash your hands often to avoid viral infections

Manage stress with relaxation techniques

Eat a balanced diet and stay active

Control health conditions like diabetes

In addition, caring for your eyes and face during recovery is important. Use gentle massage and follow your doctor’s advice for exercises.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice sudden weakness or drooping on one side of your face, seek medical help right away. Sometimes, these signs can mean a stroke or another serious problem. Early treatment for Bell’s palsy can help you recover faster. If you have trouble speaking, swallowing, or moving other parts of your body, call emergency services immediately.

Conclusion

Bell’s palsy can be frightening, but most people recover fully. With early care and support, you can manage symptoms and protect your health. For personalized advice about Bell’s palsy, consult a healthcare professional.

Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), National Institutes of Health (NIH)